Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome X in patients diagnosed with Chronic Kidney Disease undergoing dialysis

Jorge David Mendez-Rios1
Show Affiliation

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.37980/im.journal.ggcl.en.20252691

Keywords:

Metabolic Syndrome X, abdominal obesityinsulin resistance, chronic kidney disease, genetics

Abstract

Introduction: Metabolic syndrome X (MSX) encompasses risk factors such as abdominal obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance, which significantly increase cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. In patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), the presence of MSX is even more relevant, as it accelerates disease progression and increases cardiovascular complications. A retrospective, descriptive study was conducted in which patients treated at the Hemodialysis Unit of Dr. Amador Guerrero Hospital were evaluated, and the presence of cardiovascular risk factors and components of MSX was quantified. Justification: Metabolic syndrome is highly prevalent in patients with chronic kidney disease and increases cardiovascular risk, making its identification essential to improve clinical outcomes. Methodology: Patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing dialysis in the province of Colón during 2005 were studied. Anthropometric and laboratory data were collected, and metabolic syndrome was diagnosed according to the NCEP/ATP III (2005) criteria. Data analysis was performed using EPI-INFO 6.0. Results: A prevalence of 23.7% of MSX was observed among patients treated at the unit. Of these patients, 88.9% presented abdominal obesity and arterial hypertension. However, only abdominal obesity and insulin resistance (measured as fasting hyperglycemia) were statistically significant for the presence of MSX in CKD patients, with reported ORs of 38.4 (95% CI: 3.88–379.70, p<0.05) and 6.28 (95% CI: 1.23–31.95, p<0.05), respectively. Conclusion: The prevalence of MSX in the studied population was 23.7%. Abdominal obesity and insulin resistance significantly increased the likelihood of MSX. Furthermore, current evidence suggests that genetic variants may predispose CKD patients to the development of MSX, opening new avenues for research.

Full Content not available at this moment. (Status: 2691)

References

[1] Zillich AJ, et al. Caring for Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease. Pharmacotherapy. 2005;25(1):123-143.

[2] Hanson RL, et al. Components of the Metabolic Syndrome and Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes. 2002;51(10):3120-3127.

[3] Ford ES, et al. Increasing Prevalence of the Metabolic Syndrome Among U.S. Adults. Diabetes Care. 2004;27(10):2444-2449.

[4] Grundy SM, et al. Definition of Metabolic Syndrome. Circulation. 2004;109:433-438.

[5] OPS. Informe de Indicadores de Salud, Panamá. [2003]

[6] [6] Contraloría General de la Nación. Panamá en Cifras. [2004]

[7] [7] Alberti KGMM, Zimmet P, Shaw J. The metabolic syndrome—a new worldwide definition. Lancet. 2005;366:1059–62.

[8] Eckel RH, Grundy SM, Zimmet PZ. The metabolic syndrome. Lancet. 2005;365:1415–28.

[9] Chen J, et al. The metabolic syndrome and chronic kidney disease in U.S. adults. Ann Intern Med. 2004;140:167–74.

[10] Thomas G, et al. Metabolic syndrome and kidney disease: a systematic review. CJASN. 2011;6(10):2364–73.

[11] Kovesdy CP, et al. Obesity and kidney disease: Hidden consequences. Kidney Int. 2017;91(2):260–2.

[12] Zoccali C, et al. The systemic nature of CKD. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2017;13:344–58.

[13] O’Neill S, O’Driscoll L. Metabolic syndrome: a closer look. Obes Rev. 2015;16:1–12.

[14] Mottillo S, et al. The metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risk. JACC. 2010;56(14):1113–32.

[15] Gu J, et al. Genetic polymorphisms in metabolic syndrome and chronic kidney disease. Kidney Blood Press Res. 2018;43:1312–21.

×